An Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is any embedded system in automotive electronics that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a vehicle and driving support system ECU is one type of them which is control the driving support system.
The Driving Safety Support Systems assist drivers to drive safely and various sensors are used to detect cars, motorcycles, and pedestrians that are not in the driver''s sight.
In 2019, the market size of Driving Support System ECU is xx million US$ and it will reach xx million US$ in 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% from 2019; while in China, the market size is valued at xx million US$ and will increase to xx million US$ in 2025, with a CAGR of xx% during forecast period.
In this report, 2018 has been considered as the base year and 2019 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Driving Support System ECU.
This report studies the global market size of Driving Support System ECU, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia).
This study presents the Driving Support System ECU production, revenue, market share and growth rate for each key company, and also covers the breakdown data (production, consumption, revenue and market share) by regions, type and applications. history breakdown data from 2014 to 2019, and forecast to 2025.
For top companies in United States, European Union and China, this report investigates and analyzes the production, value, price, market share and growth rate for the top manufacturers, key data from 2014 to 2019.
In global market, the following companies are covered:
Aptiv (USA)
Bosch (Germany)
Continental (Germany)
Hyundai Mobis (Korea)
Hitachi Automotive Systems (Japan)
Mando (Korea)
Keihin (Japan)
CORE (Japan)
Nidec Elesys (Japan)
OMRON Automotive Electronics (Japan)
Omron (Japan)
SCSK (Japan)
Shinko Shoji (Japan)
Market Segment by Product Type
Stop Sign Recognition Enhancement System
Rear-End Collision Prevention System
Crossing Collision Prevention System
Signal Recognition Enhancement System
Market Segment by Application
Passenger Cars
Commercial Vehicles
Key Regions split in this report: breakdown data for each region.
United States
China
European Union
Rest of World (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
The study objectives are:
To analyze and research the Driving Support System ECU status and future forecast in United States, European Union and China, involving sales, value (revenue), growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
To present the key Driving Support System ECU manufacturers, presenting the sales, revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.
To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market
In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Driving Support System ECU are as follows:
History Year: 2014-2018
Base Year: 2018
Estimated Year: 2019
Forecast Year 2019 to 2025
The Driving Safety Support Systems assist drivers to drive safely and various sensors are used to detect cars, motorcycles, and pedestrians that are not in the driver''s sight.
In 2019, the market size of Driving Support System ECU is xx million US$ and it will reach xx million US$ in 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% from 2019; while in China, the market size is valued at xx million US$ and will increase to xx million US$ in 2025, with a CAGR of xx% during forecast period.
In this report, 2018 has been considered as the base year and 2019 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Driving Support System ECU.
This report studies the global market size of Driving Support System ECU, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia).
This study presents the Driving Support System ECU production, revenue, market share and growth rate for each key company, and also covers the breakdown data (production, consumption, revenue and market share) by regions, type and applications. history breakdown data from 2014 to 2019, and forecast to 2025.
For top companies in United States, European Union and China, this report investigates and analyzes the production, value, price, market share and growth rate for the top manufacturers, key data from 2014 to 2019.
In global market, the following companies are covered:
Aptiv (USA)
Bosch (Germany)
Continental (Germany)
Hyundai Mobis (Korea)
Hitachi Automotive Systems (Japan)
Mando (Korea)
Keihin (Japan)
CORE (Japan)
Nidec Elesys (Japan)
OMRON Automotive Electronics (Japan)
Omron (Japan)
SCSK (Japan)
Shinko Shoji (Japan)
Market Segment by Product Type
Stop Sign Recognition Enhancement System
Rear-End Collision Prevention System
Crossing Collision Prevention System
Signal Recognition Enhancement System
Market Segment by Application
Passenger Cars
Commercial Vehicles
Key Regions split in this report: breakdown data for each region.
United States
China
European Union
Rest of World (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
The study objectives are:
To analyze and research the Driving Support System ECU status and future forecast in United States, European Union and China, involving sales, value (revenue), growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
To present the key Driving Support System ECU manufacturers, presenting the sales, revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.
To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market
In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Driving Support System ECU are as follows:
History Year: 2014-2018
Base Year: 2018
Estimated Year: 2019
Forecast Year 2019 to 2025
Table of Contents
1 Report Overview
1.1 Research Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2025)
1.3.2 Stop Sign Recognition Enhancement System
1.3.3 Rear-End Collision Prevention System
1.3.4 Crossing Collision Prevention System
1.3.5 Signal Recognition Enhancement System
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
1.4.2 Passenger Cars
1.4.3 Commercial Vehicles
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Production and Capacity Analysis
2.1.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Value 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production 2014-2025
2.1.3 Global Driving Support System ECU Capacity 2014-2025
2.1.4 Global Driving Support System ECU Marketing Pricing and Trends
2.2 Key Producers Growth Rate (CAGR) 2019-2025
2.2.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Market Size CAGR of Key Regions
2.2.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Market Share of Key Regions
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Capacity and Production by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Capacity by Manufacturers
3.1.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production by Manufacturers
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Driving Support System ECU Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Driving Support System ECU Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.3 Global Driving Support System ECU Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Driving Support System ECU Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Driving Support System ECU Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Driving Support System ECU Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Driving Support System ECU Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Production and Production Value for Each Type
4.1.1 Stop Sign Recognition Enhancement System Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Rear-End Collision Prevention System Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.3 Crossing Collision Prevention System Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.4 Signal Recognition Enhancement System Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Value Market Share by Type
4.4 Driving Support System ECU Ex-factory Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Application
6 Production by Regions
6.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Production (History Data) by Regions 2014-2019
6.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Value (History Data) by Regions
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States Driving Support System ECU Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.2 United States Driving Support System ECU Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.3 Key Players in United States
6.3.4 United States Driving Support System ECU Import & Export
6.4 European Union
6.4.1 European Union Driving Support System ECU Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.2 European Union Driving Support System ECU Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.3 Key Players in European Union
6.4.4 European Union Driving Support System ECU Import & Export
6.5 China
6.5.1 China Driving Support System ECU Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.2 China Driving Support System ECU Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.3 Key Players in China
6.5.4 China Driving Support System ECU Import & Export
6.6 Rest of World
6.6.1 Japan
6.6.2 Korea
6.6.3 India
6.6.4 Southeast Asia
7 Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Regions
7.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Consumption (History Data) by Regions
7.2 United States
7.2.1 United States Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Type
7.2.2 United States Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Application
7.3 European Union
7.3.1 European Union Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Type
7.3.2 European Union Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Application
7.4 China
7.4.1 China Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Type
7.4.2 China Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Application
7.5 Rest of World
7.5.1 Rest of World Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Type
7.5.2 Rest of World Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Application
7.5.1 Japan
7.5.2 Korea
7.5.3 India
7.5.4 Southeast Asia
8 Company Profiles
8.1 Aptiv (USA)
8.1.1 Aptiv (USA) Company Details
8.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.1.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.1.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.1.5 Aptiv (USA) Recent Development
8.2 Bosch (Germany)
8.2.1 Bosch (Germany) Company Details
8.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.2.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.2.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.2.5 Bosch (Germany) Recent Development
8.3 Continental (Germany)
8.3.1 Continental (Germany) Company Details
8.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.3.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.3.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.3.5 Continental (Germany) Recent Development
8.4 Hyundai Mobis (Korea)
8.4.1 Hyundai Mobis (Korea) Company Details
8.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.4.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.4.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.4.5 Hyundai Mobis (Korea) Recent Development
8.5 Hitachi Automotive Systems (Japan)
8.5.1 Hitachi Automotive Systems (Japan) Company Details
8.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.5.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.5.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.5.5 Hitachi Automotive Systems (Japan) Recent Development
8.6 Mando (Korea)
8.6.1 Mando (Korea) Company Details
8.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.6.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.6.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.6.5 Mando (Korea) Recent Development
8.7 Keihin (Japan)
8.7.1 Keihin (Japan) Company Details
8.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.7.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.7.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.7.5 Keihin (Japan) Recent Development
8.8 CORE (Japan)
8.8.1 CORE (Japan) Company Details
8.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.8.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.8.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.8.5 CORE (Japan) Recent Development
8.9 Nidec Elesys (Japan)
8.9.1 Nidec Elesys (Japan) Company Details
8.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.9.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.9.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.9.5 Nidec Elesys (Japan) Recent Development
8.10 OMRON Automotive Electronics (Japan)
8.10.1 OMRON Automotive Electronics (Japan) Company Details
8.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.10.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.10.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.10.5 OMRON Automotive Electronics (Japan) Recent Development
8.11 Omron (Japan)
8.12 SCSK (Japan)
8.13 Shinko Shoji (Japan)
9 Market Forecast
9.1 Global Market Size Forecast
9.1.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025
9.1.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Value Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Market Forecast by Regions
9.2.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Production and Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.2.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.3 United States
9.3.1 Production and Value Forecast in United States
9.3.2 Consumption Forecast in United States
9.4 European Union
9.4.1 Production and Value Forecast in European Union
9.4.2 Consumption Forecast in European Union
9.5 China
9.5.1 Production and Value Forecast in China
9.5.2 Consumption Forecast in China
9.6 Rest of World
9.6.1 Japan
9.6.2 Korea
9.6.3 India
9.6.4 Southeast Asia
9.7 Forecast by Type
9.7.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Forecast by Type
9.7.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Value Forecast by Type
9.8 Consumption Forecast by Application
10 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
10.1 Value Chain Analysis
10.2 Sales Channels Analysis
10.2.1 Driving Support System ECU Sales Channels
10.2.2 Driving Support System ECU Distributors
10.3 Driving Support System ECU Customers
11 Opportunities & Challenges, Threat and Affecting Factors
11.1 Market Opportunities
11.2 Market Challenges
11.3 Porter''s Five Forces Analysis
12 Key Findings
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.1.2 Data Source
13.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.1.2.2 Primary Sources
13.2 Author Details
13.3 Disclaimer
1 Report Overview
1.1 Research Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2025)
1.3.2 Stop Sign Recognition Enhancement System
1.3.3 Rear-End Collision Prevention System
1.3.4 Crossing Collision Prevention System
1.3.5 Signal Recognition Enhancement System
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
1.4.2 Passenger Cars
1.4.3 Commercial Vehicles
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Production and Capacity Analysis
2.1.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Value 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production 2014-2025
2.1.3 Global Driving Support System ECU Capacity 2014-2025
2.1.4 Global Driving Support System ECU Marketing Pricing and Trends
2.2 Key Producers Growth Rate (CAGR) 2019-2025
2.2.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Market Size CAGR of Key Regions
2.2.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Market Share of Key Regions
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Capacity and Production by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Capacity by Manufacturers
3.1.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production by Manufacturers
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Driving Support System ECU Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Driving Support System ECU Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.3 Global Driving Support System ECU Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Driving Support System ECU Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Driving Support System ECU Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Driving Support System ECU Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Driving Support System ECU Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Production and Production Value for Each Type
4.1.1 Stop Sign Recognition Enhancement System Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Rear-End Collision Prevention System Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.3 Crossing Collision Prevention System Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.4 Signal Recognition Enhancement System Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Value Market Share by Type
4.4 Driving Support System ECU Ex-factory Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Application
6 Production by Regions
6.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Production (History Data) by Regions 2014-2019
6.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Value (History Data) by Regions
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States Driving Support System ECU Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.2 United States Driving Support System ECU Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.3 Key Players in United States
6.3.4 United States Driving Support System ECU Import & Export
6.4 European Union
6.4.1 European Union Driving Support System ECU Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.2 European Union Driving Support System ECU Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.3 Key Players in European Union
6.4.4 European Union Driving Support System ECU Import & Export
6.5 China
6.5.1 China Driving Support System ECU Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.2 China Driving Support System ECU Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.3 Key Players in China
6.5.4 China Driving Support System ECU Import & Export
6.6 Rest of World
6.6.1 Japan
6.6.2 Korea
6.6.3 India
6.6.4 Southeast Asia
7 Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Regions
7.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Consumption (History Data) by Regions
7.2 United States
7.2.1 United States Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Type
7.2.2 United States Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Application
7.3 European Union
7.3.1 European Union Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Type
7.3.2 European Union Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Application
7.4 China
7.4.1 China Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Type
7.4.2 China Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Application
7.5 Rest of World
7.5.1 Rest of World Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Type
7.5.2 Rest of World Driving Support System ECU Consumption by Application
7.5.1 Japan
7.5.2 Korea
7.5.3 India
7.5.4 Southeast Asia
8 Company Profiles
8.1 Aptiv (USA)
8.1.1 Aptiv (USA) Company Details
8.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.1.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.1.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.1.5 Aptiv (USA) Recent Development
8.2 Bosch (Germany)
8.2.1 Bosch (Germany) Company Details
8.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.2.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.2.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.2.5 Bosch (Germany) Recent Development
8.3 Continental (Germany)
8.3.1 Continental (Germany) Company Details
8.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.3.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.3.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.3.5 Continental (Germany) Recent Development
8.4 Hyundai Mobis (Korea)
8.4.1 Hyundai Mobis (Korea) Company Details
8.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.4.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.4.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.4.5 Hyundai Mobis (Korea) Recent Development
8.5 Hitachi Automotive Systems (Japan)
8.5.1 Hitachi Automotive Systems (Japan) Company Details
8.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.5.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.5.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.5.5 Hitachi Automotive Systems (Japan) Recent Development
8.6 Mando (Korea)
8.6.1 Mando (Korea) Company Details
8.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.6.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.6.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.6.5 Mando (Korea) Recent Development
8.7 Keihin (Japan)
8.7.1 Keihin (Japan) Company Details
8.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.7.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.7.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.7.5 Keihin (Japan) Recent Development
8.8 CORE (Japan)
8.8.1 CORE (Japan) Company Details
8.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.8.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.8.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.8.5 CORE (Japan) Recent Development
8.9 Nidec Elesys (Japan)
8.9.1 Nidec Elesys (Japan) Company Details
8.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.9.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.9.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.9.5 Nidec Elesys (Japan) Recent Development
8.10 OMRON Automotive Electronics (Japan)
8.10.1 OMRON Automotive Electronics (Japan) Company Details
8.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.10.3 Production and Revenue of Driving Support System ECU
8.10.4 Driving Support System ECU Product Introduction
8.10.5 OMRON Automotive Electronics (Japan) Recent Development
8.11 Omron (Japan)
8.12 SCSK (Japan)
8.13 Shinko Shoji (Japan)
9 Market Forecast
9.1 Global Market Size Forecast
9.1.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025
9.1.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Value Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Market Forecast by Regions
9.2.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Production and Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.2.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.3 United States
9.3.1 Production and Value Forecast in United States
9.3.2 Consumption Forecast in United States
9.4 European Union
9.4.1 Production and Value Forecast in European Union
9.4.2 Consumption Forecast in European Union
9.5 China
9.5.1 Production and Value Forecast in China
9.5.2 Consumption Forecast in China
9.6 Rest of World
9.6.1 Japan
9.6.2 Korea
9.6.3 India
9.6.4 Southeast Asia
9.7 Forecast by Type
9.7.1 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Forecast by Type
9.7.2 Global Driving Support System ECU Production Value Forecast by Type
9.8 Consumption Forecast by Application
10 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
10.1 Value Chain Analysis
10.2 Sales Channels Analysis
10.2.1 Driving Support System ECU Sales Channels
10.2.2 Driving Support System ECU Distributors
10.3 Driving Support System ECU Customers
11 Opportunities & Challenges, Threat and Affecting Factors
11.1 Market Opportunities
11.2 Market Challenges
11.3 Porter''s Five Forces Analysis
12 Key Findings
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.1.2 Data Source
13.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.1.2.2 Primary Sources
13.2 Author Details
13.3 Disclaimer
