Crystalline silicon PV is made of highly pure silicon wafers that are further used to convert the solar energy into electrical energy. Crystalline silicon (c-Si) is one of the most widely used semiconductor material in photovoltaic (PV) technology to manufacture solar cells. c-Si occupies more than 90% of the total PV market revenue owing to its several benefits such as improved efficiency.
The world crystalline silicon PV market is driven by heightened demand of renewable energy and increase in electricity demand, which is further supported by the rise in population globally. Limited availability of fossil fuels and strict government regulations on carbon emission create the strong need for efficient and cost-effective renewable energy sources such as solar energy. Crystalline silicon solar cells are highly efficient as compared to its rival technologies, for instance, amorphous silicon and non-silicon solar cells. However, high initial investment and reduced efficiency of crystalline silicon at very high temperatures restrain the market growth. Technological advancements in the field of solar cells to increase efficiency and rise in government spending on renewable energy projects are expected to provide growth opportunities in the market.
In 2019, the market size of Crystalline Silicon PV is 87400 million US$ and it will reach 206200 million US$ in 2025, growing at a CAGR of 11.3% from 2019; while in China, the market size is valued at xx million US$ and will increase to xx million US$ in 2025, with a CAGR of xx% during forecast period.
In this report, 2018 has been considered as the base year and 2019 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Crystalline Silicon PV.
This report studies the global market size of Crystalline Silicon PV, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia).
This study presents the Crystalline Silicon PV production, revenue, market share and growth rate for each key company, and also covers the breakdown data (production, consumption, revenue and market share) by regions, type and applications. history breakdown data from 2014 to 2019, and forecast to 2025.
For top companies in United States, European Union and China, this report investigates and analyzes the production, value, price, market share and growth rate for the top manufacturers, key data from 2014 to 2019.
In global market, the following companies are covered:
Hanwha Q CELLS
SolarWorld AG
JA Solar Holdings
Yingly Solar
Sharp Corporation
Jinko Solar
Canadian Solar
China Sunergy
Trina Solar Limited
SunPower Corporation
Market Segment by Product Type
Mono-Crystalline
Multi-Crystalline
Market Segment by Application
Utility-Scale
Commercial
Residential
Key Regions split in this report: breakdown data for each region.
United States
China
European Union
Rest of World (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
The study objectives are:
To analyze and research the Crystalline Silicon PV status and future forecast in United States, European Union and China, involving sales, value (revenue), growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
To present the key Crystalline Silicon PV manufacturers, presenting the sales, revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.
To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market
In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Crystalline Silicon PV are as follows:
History Year: 2014-2018
Base Year: 2018
Estimated Year: 2019
Forecast Year 2019 to 2025
The world crystalline silicon PV market is driven by heightened demand of renewable energy and increase in electricity demand, which is further supported by the rise in population globally. Limited availability of fossil fuels and strict government regulations on carbon emission create the strong need for efficient and cost-effective renewable energy sources such as solar energy. Crystalline silicon solar cells are highly efficient as compared to its rival technologies, for instance, amorphous silicon and non-silicon solar cells. However, high initial investment and reduced efficiency of crystalline silicon at very high temperatures restrain the market growth. Technological advancements in the field of solar cells to increase efficiency and rise in government spending on renewable energy projects are expected to provide growth opportunities in the market.
In 2019, the market size of Crystalline Silicon PV is 87400 million US$ and it will reach 206200 million US$ in 2025, growing at a CAGR of 11.3% from 2019; while in China, the market size is valued at xx million US$ and will increase to xx million US$ in 2025, with a CAGR of xx% during forecast period.
In this report, 2018 has been considered as the base year and 2019 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Crystalline Silicon PV.
This report studies the global market size of Crystalline Silicon PV, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia).
This study presents the Crystalline Silicon PV production, revenue, market share and growth rate for each key company, and also covers the breakdown data (production, consumption, revenue and market share) by regions, type and applications. history breakdown data from 2014 to 2019, and forecast to 2025.
For top companies in United States, European Union and China, this report investigates and analyzes the production, value, price, market share and growth rate for the top manufacturers, key data from 2014 to 2019.
In global market, the following companies are covered:
Hanwha Q CELLS
SolarWorld AG
JA Solar Holdings
Yingly Solar
Sharp Corporation
Jinko Solar
Canadian Solar
China Sunergy
Trina Solar Limited
SunPower Corporation
Market Segment by Product Type
Mono-Crystalline
Multi-Crystalline
Market Segment by Application
Utility-Scale
Commercial
Residential
Key Regions split in this report: breakdown data for each region.
United States
China
European Union
Rest of World (Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
The study objectives are:
To analyze and research the Crystalline Silicon PV status and future forecast in United States, European Union and China, involving sales, value (revenue), growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
To present the key Crystalline Silicon PV manufacturers, presenting the sales, revenue, market share, and recent development for key players.
To split the breakdown data by regions, type, companies and applications
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market
In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Crystalline Silicon PV are as follows:
History Year: 2014-2018
Base Year: 2018
Estimated Year: 2019
Forecast Year 2019 to 2025
Table of Contents
1 Report Overview
1.1 Research Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2025)
1.3.2 Mono-Crystalline
1.3.3 Multi-Crystalline
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
1.4.2 Utility-Scale
1.4.3 Commercial
1.4.4 Residential
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Production and Capacity Analysis
2.1.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production 2014-2025
2.1.3 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Capacity 2014-2025
2.1.4 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Marketing Pricing and Trends
2.2 Key Producers Growth Rate (CAGR) 2019-2025
2.2.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Market Size CAGR of Key Regions
2.2.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Market Share of Key Regions
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Capacity and Production by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Capacity by Manufacturers
3.1.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production by Manufacturers
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Crystalline Silicon PV Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Crystalline Silicon PV Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.3 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Crystalline Silicon PV Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Crystalline Silicon PV Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Crystalline Silicon PV Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Crystalline Silicon PV Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Production and Production Value for Each Type
4.1.1 Mono-Crystalline Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Multi-Crystalline Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Market Share by Type
4.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Ex-factory Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Application
6 Production by Regions
6.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production (History Data) by Regions 2014-2019
6.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value (History Data) by Regions
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States Crystalline Silicon PV Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.2 United States Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.3 Key Players in United States
6.3.4 United States Crystalline Silicon PV Import & Export
6.4 European Union
6.4.1 European Union Crystalline Silicon PV Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.2 European Union Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.3 Key Players in European Union
6.4.4 European Union Crystalline Silicon PV Import & Export
6.5 China
6.5.1 China Crystalline Silicon PV Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.2 China Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.3 Key Players in China
6.5.4 China Crystalline Silicon PV Import & Export
6.6 Rest of World
6.6.1 Japan
6.6.2 Korea
6.6.3 India
6.6.4 Southeast Asia
7 Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Regions
7.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption (History Data) by Regions
7.2 United States
7.2.1 United States Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Type
7.2.2 United States Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Application
7.3 European Union
7.3.1 European Union Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Type
7.3.2 European Union Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Application
7.4 China
7.4.1 China Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Type
7.4.2 China Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Application
7.5 Rest of World
7.5.1 Rest of World Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Type
7.5.2 Rest of World Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Application
7.5.1 Japan
7.5.2 Korea
7.5.3 India
7.5.4 Southeast Asia
8 Company Profiles
8.1 Hanwha Q CELLS
8.1.1 Hanwha Q CELLS Company Details
8.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.1.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.1.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.1.5 Hanwha Q CELLS Recent Development
8.2 SolarWorld AG
8.2.1 SolarWorld AG Company Details
8.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.2.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.2.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.2.5 SolarWorld AG Recent Development
8.3 JA Solar Holdings
8.3.1 JA Solar Holdings Company Details
8.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.3.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.3.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.3.5 JA Solar Holdings Recent Development
8.4 Yingly Solar
8.4.1 Yingly Solar Company Details
8.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.4.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.4.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.4.5 Yingly Solar Recent Development
8.5 Sharp Corporation
8.5.1 Sharp Corporation Company Details
8.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.5.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.5.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.5.5 Sharp Corporation Recent Development
8.6 Jinko Solar
8.6.1 Jinko Solar Company Details
8.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.6.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.6.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.6.5 Jinko Solar Recent Development
8.7 Canadian Solar
8.7.1 Canadian Solar Company Details
8.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.7.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.7.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.7.5 Canadian Solar Recent Development
8.8 China Sunergy
8.8.1 China Sunergy Company Details
8.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.8.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.8.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.8.5 China Sunergy Recent Development
8.9 Trina Solar Limited
8.9.1 Trina Solar Limited Company Details
8.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.9.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.9.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.9.5 Trina Solar Limited Recent Development
8.10 SunPower Corporation
8.10.1 SunPower Corporation Company Details
8.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.10.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.10.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.10.5 SunPower Corporation Recent Development
9 Market Forecast
9.1 Global Market Size Forecast
9.1.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025
9.1.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Market Forecast by Regions
9.2.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production and Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.2.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.3 United States
9.3.1 Production and Value Forecast in United States
9.3.2 Consumption Forecast in United States
9.4 European Union
9.4.1 Production and Value Forecast in European Union
9.4.2 Consumption Forecast in European Union
9.5 China
9.5.1 Production and Value Forecast in China
9.5.2 Consumption Forecast in China
9.6 Rest of World
9.6.1 Japan
9.6.2 Korea
9.6.3 India
9.6.4 Southeast Asia
9.7 Forecast by Type
9.7.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Forecast by Type
9.7.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Forecast by Type
9.8 Consumption Forecast by Application
10 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
10.1 Value Chain Analysis
10.2 Sales Channels Analysis
10.2.1 Crystalline Silicon PV Sales Channels
10.2.2 Crystalline Silicon PV Distributors
10.3 Crystalline Silicon PV Customers
11 Opportunities & Challenges, Threat and Affecting Factors
11.1 Market Opportunities
11.2 Market Challenges
11.3 Porter''s Five Forces Analysis
12 Key Findings
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.1.2 Data Source
13.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.1.2.2 Primary Sources
13.2 Author Details
13.3 Disclaimer
1 Report Overview
1.1 Research Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2025)
1.3.2 Mono-Crystalline
1.3.3 Multi-Crystalline
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
1.4.2 Utility-Scale
1.4.3 Commercial
1.4.4 Residential
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Production and Capacity Analysis
2.1.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production 2014-2025
2.1.3 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Capacity 2014-2025
2.1.4 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Marketing Pricing and Trends
2.2 Key Producers Growth Rate (CAGR) 2019-2025
2.2.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Market Size CAGR of Key Regions
2.2.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Market Share of Key Regions
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Capacity and Production by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Capacity by Manufacturers
3.1.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production by Manufacturers
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Crystalline Silicon PV Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Crystalline Silicon PV Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.3 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Crystalline Silicon PV Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Crystalline Silicon PV Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Crystalline Silicon PV Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Crystalline Silicon PV Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Production and Production Value for Each Type
4.1.1 Mono-Crystalline Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Multi-Crystalline Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Market Share by Type
4.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Ex-factory Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Application
6 Production by Regions
6.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production (History Data) by Regions 2014-2019
6.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value (History Data) by Regions
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States Crystalline Silicon PV Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.2 United States Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.3 Key Players in United States
6.3.4 United States Crystalline Silicon PV Import & Export
6.4 European Union
6.4.1 European Union Crystalline Silicon PV Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.2 European Union Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.3 Key Players in European Union
6.4.4 European Union Crystalline Silicon PV Import & Export
6.5 China
6.5.1 China Crystalline Silicon PV Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.2 China Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.3 Key Players in China
6.5.4 China Crystalline Silicon PV Import & Export
6.6 Rest of World
6.6.1 Japan
6.6.2 Korea
6.6.3 India
6.6.4 Southeast Asia
7 Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Regions
7.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption (History Data) by Regions
7.2 United States
7.2.1 United States Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Type
7.2.2 United States Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Application
7.3 European Union
7.3.1 European Union Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Type
7.3.2 European Union Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Application
7.4 China
7.4.1 China Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Type
7.4.2 China Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Application
7.5 Rest of World
7.5.1 Rest of World Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Type
7.5.2 Rest of World Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption by Application
7.5.1 Japan
7.5.2 Korea
7.5.3 India
7.5.4 Southeast Asia
8 Company Profiles
8.1 Hanwha Q CELLS
8.1.1 Hanwha Q CELLS Company Details
8.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.1.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.1.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.1.5 Hanwha Q CELLS Recent Development
8.2 SolarWorld AG
8.2.1 SolarWorld AG Company Details
8.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.2.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.2.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.2.5 SolarWorld AG Recent Development
8.3 JA Solar Holdings
8.3.1 JA Solar Holdings Company Details
8.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.3.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.3.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.3.5 JA Solar Holdings Recent Development
8.4 Yingly Solar
8.4.1 Yingly Solar Company Details
8.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.4.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.4.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.4.5 Yingly Solar Recent Development
8.5 Sharp Corporation
8.5.1 Sharp Corporation Company Details
8.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.5.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.5.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.5.5 Sharp Corporation Recent Development
8.6 Jinko Solar
8.6.1 Jinko Solar Company Details
8.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.6.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.6.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.6.5 Jinko Solar Recent Development
8.7 Canadian Solar
8.7.1 Canadian Solar Company Details
8.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.7.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.7.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.7.5 Canadian Solar Recent Development
8.8 China Sunergy
8.8.1 China Sunergy Company Details
8.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.8.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.8.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.8.5 China Sunergy Recent Development
8.9 Trina Solar Limited
8.9.1 Trina Solar Limited Company Details
8.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.9.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.9.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.9.5 Trina Solar Limited Recent Development
8.10 SunPower Corporation
8.10.1 SunPower Corporation Company Details
8.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.10.3 Production and Revenue of Crystalline Silicon PV
8.10.4 Crystalline Silicon PV Product Introduction
8.10.5 SunPower Corporation Recent Development
9 Market Forecast
9.1 Global Market Size Forecast
9.1.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025
9.1.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Market Forecast by Regions
9.2.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production and Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.2.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.3 United States
9.3.1 Production and Value Forecast in United States
9.3.2 Consumption Forecast in United States
9.4 European Union
9.4.1 Production and Value Forecast in European Union
9.4.2 Consumption Forecast in European Union
9.5 China
9.5.1 Production and Value Forecast in China
9.5.2 Consumption Forecast in China
9.6 Rest of World
9.6.1 Japan
9.6.2 Korea
9.6.3 India
9.6.4 Southeast Asia
9.7 Forecast by Type
9.7.1 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Forecast by Type
9.7.2 Global Crystalline Silicon PV Production Value Forecast by Type
9.8 Consumption Forecast by Application
10 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
10.1 Value Chain Analysis
10.2 Sales Channels Analysis
10.2.1 Crystalline Silicon PV Sales Channels
10.2.2 Crystalline Silicon PV Distributors
10.3 Crystalline Silicon PV Customers
11 Opportunities & Challenges, Threat and Affecting Factors
11.1 Market Opportunities
11.2 Market Challenges
11.3 Porter''s Five Forces Analysis
12 Key Findings
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.1.2 Data Source
13.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.1.2.2 Primary Sources
13.2 Author Details
13.3 Disclaimer
