Necessity for light weight and easy to carry products particularly among travelers and tourists will drive the spout liquid pouch packaging market size. Improved consumer experience accompanied by ease in consumption and stain free properties will support the industry growth. Rapid urbanization along with busier lifestyles enhancing the processed food demand will support the product scope.
The global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging market was valued at xx million US$ in 2018 and will reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% during 2019-2025.
This report focuses on Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents overall Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging market size by analyzing historical data and future prospect.
Regionally, this report categorizes the production, apparent consumption, export and import of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India.
For each manufacturer covered, this report analyzes their Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging manufacturing sites, capacity, production, ex-factory price, revenue and market share in global market.
The following manufacturers are covered:
Ampac
IMPAK Corporation
Uflex
Tetra Pak International
Sonoco
Swiss Pac
Weyerhaeuser Company
...
Segment by Regions
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India
Segment by Type
By Type
Spout
Non-Spout
By Size
100 ml
200 ml
350 ml
500 ml
750 ml
1 litre
By Laminates
Two Layers
Three Layers
Four Layers
Others
Segment by Application
4
Industrial
Personal Care
Home Care
Pharmaceutical
The global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging market was valued at xx million US$ in 2018 and will reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% during 2019-2025.
This report focuses on Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents overall Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging market size by analyzing historical data and future prospect.
Regionally, this report categorizes the production, apparent consumption, export and import of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India.
For each manufacturer covered, this report analyzes their Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging manufacturing sites, capacity, production, ex-factory price, revenue and market share in global market.
The following manufacturers are covered:
Ampac
IMPAK Corporation
Uflex
Tetra Pak International
Sonoco
Swiss Pac
Weyerhaeuser Company
...
Segment by Regions
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India
Segment by Type
By Type
Spout
Non-Spout
By Size
100 ml
200 ml
350 ml
500 ml
750 ml
1 litre
By Laminates
Two Layers
Three Layers
Four Layers
Others
Segment by Application
4
Industrial
Personal Care
Home Care
Pharmaceutical
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
1.1 Definition of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
1.2 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Segment By Type
1.2.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Growth Rate Comparison By Type (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Spout
1.2.3 Non-Spout
1.3 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 4
1.3.3 Industrial
1.3.4 Personal Care
1.3.5 Home Care
1.3.6 Pharmaceutical
1.4 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue Analysis
4.3 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue by Regions
5.2 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.3.2 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
5.4 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.4.2 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
5.5 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.5.2 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
5.6 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.6.2 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
5.8 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.8.2 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
6 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production by Type
6.2 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue by Type
6.3 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Price by Type
7 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
8 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Ampac
8.1.1 Ampac Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Ampac Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Ampac Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 IMPAK Corporation
8.2.1 IMPAK Corporation Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 IMPAK Corporation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 IMPAK Corporation Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Uflex
8.3.1 Uflex Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Uflex Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Uflex Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 Tetra Pak International
8.4.1 Tetra Pak International Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 Tetra Pak International Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Tetra Pak International Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Sonoco
8.5.1 Sonoco Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Sonoco Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Sonoco Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Swiss Pac
8.6.1 Swiss Pac Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Swiss Pac Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Swiss Pac Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 Weyerhaeuser Company
8.7.1 Weyerhaeuser Company Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 Weyerhaeuser Company Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Weyerhaeuser Company Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market
9.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
Executive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
1.1 Definition of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
1.2 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Segment By Type
1.2.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Growth Rate Comparison By Type (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Spout
1.2.3 Non-Spout
1.3 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 4
1.3.3 Industrial
1.3.4 Personal Care
1.3.5 Home Care
1.3.6 Pharmaceutical
1.4 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue Analysis
4.3 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue by Regions
5.2 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.3.2 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
5.4 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.4.2 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
5.5 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.5.2 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
5.6 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.6.2 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
5.8 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production
5.8.2 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Import and Export
6 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production by Type
6.2 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Revenue by Type
6.3 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Price by Type
7 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
8 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Ampac
8.1.1 Ampac Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Ampac Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Ampac Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 IMPAK Corporation
8.2.1 IMPAK Corporation Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 IMPAK Corporation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 IMPAK Corporation Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Uflex
8.3.1 Uflex Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Uflex Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Uflex Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 Tetra Pak International
8.4.1 Tetra Pak International Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 Tetra Pak International Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Tetra Pak International Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Sonoco
8.5.1 Sonoco Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Sonoco Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Sonoco Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Swiss Pac
8.6.1 Swiss Pac Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Swiss Pac Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Swiss Pac Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 Weyerhaeuser Company
8.7.1 Weyerhaeuser Company Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 Weyerhaeuser Company Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Weyerhaeuser Company Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market
9.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Spout & Non-Spout Liquid Pouch Packaging Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
